Babi Yar (Ukraine) massacre,
211,
268,
270,
270,
271,
271,
465,
562,
617
|
| body-burning detail in,
481,
483
|
| escape attempt in,
483,
496-97
|
| massacre memorial at,
684
|
| wall collapse at,
673
|
Babilinska, Gertruda,
491
|
Babylonia,
58,
44
|
Badeanstalten,
215
|
Baden region (Germany) deportation,
204
|
Baden-Baden Jewish community,
545
|
"Badenweiler March, The,"
73
|
Badge, Jewish,
54,
62,
543,
588. See also Star of David
|
Badoglio, Pietro,
477,
488,
628
|
Baeck, Rabbi Leo,
69,
85,
282,
408
|
Baer, Richard,
547
|
Baghdad, Iraq,
228
|
Baillet-Latour, Count Henri,
98
|
Baja, Hungary,
527
|
Baku, Russia,
251
|
Baldwin, Joseph,
497
|
Balfour, Arthur James,
34,
656
|
Balfour Declaration,
34-35,
656-57
|
Balkans,
226,
269,
361,
485,
529,
681
|
Ballestrem, Gråfin,
479,
593
|
Balter, Samuel,
99
|
Balti, Romania,
246
|
Baltic nations/states,
237,
246,
267,
586,
592,
610,
643
|
| ghettos in,
285
|
| Jews,
322
|
Baltic Sea,
573,
266,
586,
592,
610
|
Baltimore, Maryland,
95
|
Bamberg, Germany, ritual-murder trial,
518
|
Banat,
257
|
Band of Combat,
26
|
Bank of England,
690
|
Banner of Freedom,
214
|
Banská Bystrica, Slovakia,
529,
551
|
Baptismal certificates,
542
|
Bar, Transnistria region (Ukraine),
379
|
Baranovichi, Belorussia,
258
|
Barbie, Klaus,
384,
520-21,
557,
557,
673,
682
|
"Barmen Declaration,"
519
|
Barth, Karl,
367
|
Barzilai, Eliahu,
481-82
|
Basch, Professor Victor,
509
|
Basel, Switzerland,
31,
46
|
BASF,
691
|
"Bashert,"
446
|
Baskin, E.,
424
|
Bass, Leon,
606
|
Bassermann, proprietor,
546
|
Bastille Day parade,
563
|
Bastogne, Belgium,
577
|
Bata shoe factory,
376
|
Battle of Britain,
599,
203,
503
|
Battle of El Alamein,
380,
386
|
Battle of Kasserine Pass, Tunisia,
429,
430
|
Battle of Moscow,
280
|
Battle of Stalingrad,
366,
407,
589
|
Battle of the Bulge,
570,
576,
577,
583
|
Bau, Joseph,
398
|
Bauer, Yehuda,
653,
675
|
Bauhaus design school,
51
|
Baum, Herbert,
514,
515,
322
|
Baum, Marianne,
514,
515,
323
|
Baum Group (Baum Gruppe),
514,
515,
322,
323,
468
|
Baumann and Berson Children's Hospital,
222
|
Baumats, Eli,
427
|
Baumkötter, Dr. Heinrich,
384
|
Baur, Harry,
444,
445
|
Bavaria,
23,
24,
97,
98,
562
|
| Himmler and,
553
|
| political police in,
505
|
Bay, Dr. Mojzesz,
474
|
BBC broadcast,
326-27,
328,
506
|
Beard trimming,
550,
573,
330,
376
|
Beatus, Frania,
452
|
Beaune-la-Rolande (France) transit camp,
320
|
Beck, Ludwig,
541
|
Beckermann, Aron,
227
|
Beda, Fritz,
379
|
Bedzin (Poland) Ghetto,
202,
242,
568
|
| adolescents in,
353
|
| established,
599
|
| liquidation of,
469,
469-70
|
| Resistance,
470-71
|
Beer, Jadzia,
360
|
Beer Hall Putsch. See Munich Beer Hall Putsch
|
Begin, Menachem,
658,
658,
678
|
Behringersdorf, Germany,
84-85
|
Beilis, Menahem Mendel,
33
|
Bekennende Kirche,
288
|
Bekerman, Icek,
479
|
Belaruskaya Narodnaya Partizanka,
234
|
Belchatów, Poland,
311
|
Belev, Aleksander,
430
|
Belgium,
20,
32,
95,
535,
301,
425
|
| Allies capture Antwerp,
556
|
| antisemitism in,
37,
43,
206
|
| Antwerp pogrom in,
228,
365
|
| collaborationist organization,
222,
251-52,
256,
349
|
| deportations to Auschwitz from,
346,
351,
374,
413,
417
|
| deportations to Warsaw Ghetto from,
224
|
| Eichmann deportation meeting,
329
|
| German invasion of,
581,
586,
594
|
| immigration to,
581,
637
|
| Jewish children and,
558,
483
|
| Jewish citizenship,
26
|
| Jews drafted for forced labor,
308
|
| Jews in,
355,
470,
483
|
| last displaced-persons camp closes,
671
|
| law commemorating Jewish victims,
656
|
| Nazis in,
201
|
| rescuers in,
432
|
| resistance forces,
416
|
| St. Louis refugees and,
561,
565
|
| surrender of,
596
|
| train escape,
416
|
| Waffen-SS recruits,
334
|
| Walloon Volunteers for the Struggle Against Bolshevism,
245
|
| Yellow Star in,
323
|
Belgrade, Yugoslavia,
351
|
| Communists, Jews executions in,
250-51
|
| gasoline bombs in,
248
|
| German troops enter,
227
|
| Jewish deportations from,
259
|
| Jews transferred to Tasmajdan,
248
|
| registration directive,
226
|
Belorussia,
289,
596
|
| collaborationist organization,
234
|
| Generalkommissar of,
273
|
| Jews executed in,
286
|
| Jews transported to Koidanav,
307-8
|
| partisans in,
404
|
| Wehrmacht in,
269
|
Belorussian National Guerrillas,
234
|
Belsh, Konrad,
622
|
Belzec (Poland) death camp,
644
|
| Augsberg deportation,
313
|
| Bilgoraj Jews killed at,
386
|
| boy tortured,
351
|
| Brody Jews sent to,
370
|
| Buczacz Jews murdered at,
379
|
| burning bodies at,
440
|
| carbon monoxide use at,
396
|
| Central Europe deportations to,
307
|
| Chortkov Jews sent to,
357
|
| construction of,
279
|
| deportations to,
308,
311,
366,
388,
470
|
| Drogobych Jews and,
309,
351,
357
|
| Dzialoszyce Jews sent to,
361
|
| Eastern Galicia Jews in,
343,
373
|
| experience at,
551,
244,
368
|
| extermination activities shut down at,
393
|
| establishment of,
595
|
| founder of,
379
|
| full-scale extermination begins,
309-10
|
| gas chambers,
212,
295,
299,
353
|
| gassings,
324
|
| Gebirtig execution at,
325
|
| Globocnik at,
467,
625-26
|
| Gorlice deportation to,
350
|
| Gypsies in,
318
|
| Himmler orders razing of,
503
|
| ice freezing,
396
|
| Kalush Jews sent to,
367
|
| Karski's visit to,
468
|
| Kolomyia Jews sent to,
364
|
| Kraków Jews at,
326,
327,
327,
381
|
| Lubaczow Jews killed at,
412
|
| Lvóv Jews deported to,
310,
344,
349,
380,
395
|
| march to,
308
|
| murders at,
411
|
| Nowy Sacs Jews deported to,
355
|
| Olesko Jews deported to,
358
|
| Pilica, Poland, deportations,
325
|
| Poland, camp, ransom from,
204
|
| Przemysl deportees,
345
|
| Romanian Jews in,
361
|
| Rzeszów deportations,
335
|
| Sandomierz Jews murdered at,
383,
423
|
| Sanok Jews killed at,
360
|
| Sokal Jews,
455
|
| Sonderkommando,
469
|
| stripping before deportation to,
383
|
| Szczebrzeszyn Jews to,
382
|
| Tarnów Jews,
329-30,
341
|
| Tluste Jews deported to,
348
|
| train to,
415
|
| Western Europe deportations,
311
|
| Wieliczka Jews killed at,
356
|
| Wirth at,
272,
523-24
|
| woman awaiting execution,
303
|
| Zamosc deportees,
313
|
| Zaslaw Jews sent to,
416
|
| Zawichost Jews to,
375
|
| Zolochev Jews to,
385
|
Bender, Bob,
606
|
Benghazi (Libya) labor camp,
319
|
Ben-Gurion, David,
569-70,
664,
665,
666,
673-74,
695
|
Benjamin, Ernest,
576
|
Benjamin, Walter,
55,
201
|
Bennett, John Cecil Sterndale,
396
|
Benoît, Father Pierre Marie,
513
|
Ben-Yaakov, Zvi,
573
|
Berchtesgaden, Germany,
535,
536,
232,
313
|
Berdichev (Ukraine) POW camp,
247,
264
|
Berenbaum, Michael,
685
|
Berenstein, Liliane,
521
|
Berezhany, Ukraine,
458-59
|
Berg (Norway) concentration camp,
361,
385
|
Bergen-Belsen (Germany) concentration camp
|
| administration,
632
|
| agony of liberation,
601
|
| Argentinean documents,
512
|
| British and Canadians reach,
597,
605
|
| children survivors,
606
|
| corpses at,
599
|
| death march to,
563,
570,
598
|
| establishment of,
440
|
| evacuees to,
599
|
| experience at,
532,
579,
600,
600
|
| Frank, Anne, in,
506,
548,
569,
596
|
| Frank, Margot dies in,
548
|
| humanity in,
453,
511
|
| Hungarian SS murders,
606,
608
|
| Hungary's Jews at,
526
|
| Jews rescued by Spain,
511
|
| Jews sent to Auschwitz,
491-92
|
| last victims of,
589
|
| liberation of,
579,
601
|
| Lobauer, Hilde at,
601
|
| survivors,
580,
599
|
| train to,
597
|
| wagons to,
594
|
Bergen-Belsen (Germany) displaced-persons camps,
642,
659
|
Bergen-Belsen (Germany) transit camp,
443
|
Bergeret, Jean-Marie-Joseph,
597
|
Berghof (Hitler's estate),
232,
313
|
Bergman, Serge,
532
|
Bergmann, Gretl,
97,
98,
99
|
Bergmann, Professor Ernst,
76
|
Bergson, Peter,
428
|
Bergson Boys,
429,
434,
435
|
Berlin, Germany,
511,
515,
539,
551,
274,
289,
293,
306,
567
|
| Anthropological Museum in,
384
|
| antisemitism protest,
322,
323
|
| art destruction in,
559
|
| Auschwitz and,
547
|
| banning Jewish emigration from,
231
|
| book burning in,
53
|
| British air raid against,
201
|
| business boycott in,
64
|
| "Christ the Hero" rally,
70
|
| Dahlem,
519
|
| execution reports orders,
263
|
| German troops in,
205,
617,
618
|
| Gestapo in,
89,
506
|
| ghetto establishment,
572
|
| Grunewald Stadium,
71
|
| Holocaust memorial,
665,
667,
682,
695
|
| homosexuality in,
77
|
| hospital in,
503
|
| hospital patients sent to Theresienstadt camp,
460
|
| Jewish community in,
534,
268
|
| Jewish factory workers rounded up,
431
|
| Jewish homes burned in,
40-41
|
| Jewish population in,
49
|
| Jewish resistance and,
514,
515
|
| Jewish welfare services in,
524
|
| Jews deported from,
260,
275,
377,
453
|
| Jud Süss premieres,
203
|
| Judenrein,
460
|
| Lithuanian antisemitic organization established,
207
|
| mayor of,
253
|
| mental-hospital patients deported to Auschwitz,
500
|
| Nazi Party ban in,
45
|
| Plötzensee Prison in,
583
|
| Putsch,
535
|
| Red Army assault on,
608
|
| Reich Chancellery in,
611,
614
|
| report on Lithuanian Jewry eliminated,
284-85
|
| riot in,
240
|
| -Rome-Tokyo Axis,
203
|
| Siemens factory,
418
|
| Soviet forces occupy,
618,
582,
589
|
| Spandau Prison,
697
|
| Summer Olympic Games,
96-97,
98-99,
506
|
| synagogue,
504,
543
|
| vocational training in,
505
|
| Wannsee Conference in,
294,
300,
302
|
| War Ministry,
540
|
Berliner, Meir,
365
|
Berlin-Schlachtensee displaced-persons camp,
644
|
Berlin University,
264
|
Bermuda Conference,
380,
442,
443,
445,
454,
502
|
Bern, Switzerland,
91,
425-26
|
Bernadotte, Folke,
592,
602,
605
|
Bernadotte Agreement,
602
|
Bernays, Murray C.,
537
|
Bernburg (Germany) euthanasia center,
569
|
Bernheim, Franz,
65
|
Bernheim Petition,
65
|
Berning, Bishop Wilhelm,
63-64
|
Bessarabia, Romania,
216,
242,
265,
361
|
| internment/transit camp,
260,
264
|
Bessarukiato, Bessarabia,
253
|
Betar youth group,
487
|
Between Vistula and Rhine,
401
|
Bevin, Ernest,
625
|
Biala Podlaska, Poland,
231,
377,
648
|
Bialas, Max,
365
|
Biala-Waka (Lithuania) labor camp,
462
|
Bialka, Poland,
395
|
Bialokrynitsa (Ukraine) camp,
348
|
Bialystok (Poland) Ghetto,
253,
470
|
| deportations to Treblinka,
517
|
| forced labor in,
242
|
| partisan group,
455
|
| survivors of,
543
|
| underground in,
393
|
| uprising,
421-24,
471,
472,
473
|
Bialystok region, Poland,
241
|
| annexed to Germany,
231-32
|
| deportations,
385
|
| Jews murdered at,
244
|
| military train destruction,
517
|
| occupation of,
236
|
| Poles beat, abduct Jew,
626
|
Biatek, Poland,
570
|
Bible, Hebrew,
519
|
Biebow, Hans,
362,
418,
550
|
Bielefeld, Germany,
284
|
Bielitz, Poland,
296,
639
|
Bielski, Aharon,
422
|
Bielski, Asael,
422
|
Bielski, Tuvia,
374,
401,
422
|
Bielski, Zusya,
422
|
Bielski partisan group,
404,
492,
517
|
"Big Sweep, The,"
337,
342
|
Big Week,
512-13
|
Bilan, Vladimir,
680
|
Bilgoraj (Poland) Ghetto,
319,
386,
409
|
Bilke, Hungary,
527
|
Biondi, Leone,
491
|
Birkenau. See Auschwitz-Birkenau
|
Birkenfeld, Leopold,
321
|
Birnbaum, Heinz,
468
|
Birnbaum, Nathan,
655
|
Bismarck,
566
|
Bitburg, Germany,
627,
681
|
Black Book of Soviet Jewry, The,
551
|
Black Death,
24
|
Black markets,
304,
305
|
"Black Saturday,"
519
|
Black Sea,
306,
435
|
Black Shirts,
26,
79
|
Blank, Burach,
246
|
Blankenberg, Werner,
569
|
Blaskowitz, Johannes,
580,
581
|
Blatt, Thomas,
405,
407
|
Blechhammer, Poland,
519-20
|
"Blessed Is the Match,"
529
|
Blick in die Zeit,
70
|
Blios, France,
22
|
Blitzkrieg,
20,
551
|
Blobel, Paul,
268,
270,
270,
465,
667
|
Bloch, Felix,
476
|
Bloch, Marc,
533,
537
|
Bloch, Zelo,
470
|
Blockleiter,
49
|
Blomber, Werner von,
524
|
Blood desecration,
93
|
"Blood for trucks,"
530,
551
|
"Blood libel,"
46
|
"Blood Purge,"
83
|
Blood Witness Day,
541
|
"Bloody Sunday,"
58,
272
|
"Bloody Wednesday,"
479
|
Bloom, Sol,
442,
502
|
Blue star,
577
|
Blum, Abrasha,
448-49
|
Blum, Léon,
504,
371
|
Blum, René,
371
|
Blumenfrucht, Harry,
324
|
Blutschande,
93
|
BMW,
410,
688,
691
|
Bobruisk, Belorussia,
280
|
Bochnia (Poland) Ghetto,
340,
352,
366
|
Boegner, Pastor Marc,
368
|
Boer War,
32
|
Boetim, Dr. Karol,
291
|
Bogdanovca, Romania,
283,
290,
290
|
Boger, Wilhelm,
437
|
"Boger swing,"
437
|
Bohemia,
536,
550,
551,
556,
559,
331,
374,
564,
653
|
| deportation, annihilation in,
276,
308,
309
|
| resettlement,
271
|
| Yellow Stars and,
261,
266
|
Boleslawiec, Poland, Jews killed in,
633
|
Bolivia,
673
|
Bologna, Italy,
497
|
Bolshevik Revolution,
316
|
Bolsheviks,
35,
515,
519,
587,
212,
223,
239,
269
|
Bolshoi Trostinets,
544
|
Bone-crushing machine,
487
|
Bonhoeffer, Pastor Dietrich von,
529,
367,
497
|
Bonin, Captain,
301
|
Bonnet, George,
522
|
Book burning,
53,
54,
65,
68,
589
|
Boorakovskaya, Rakhil Mikhailovna,
271
|
Bor, Hungary,
559,
571
|
Bor (Yugoslavia) labor camp,
319,
422,
477
|
Boraks, Eliyahu,
422
|
Bordeaux, France,
594
|
Borek Forest,
331,
440
|
Borinsky, Anneliese,
482
|
Borislav, Poland,
387
|
Borisov, Belorussia,
273-74
|
Borki, Poland,
493,
495,
503
|
Bormann, Martin,
219,
219,
300,
370,
463-64,
523,
610,
617,
634,
640,
651
|
Born, Friedrich,
539
|
Borzykowski, Tuvia,
570
|
Bosnia,
59,
240
|
Bosnian SS soldiers,
503
|
Boston, Massachusetts,
564-65
|
Bouhler, Philip,
538,
568,
569,
588,
593,
625
|
Bourges, France,
544
|
Bourke-White, Margaret,
602
|
Boycott
|
| anti-Jewish, business,
54,
55,
64,
65
|
| anti-Nazi, American Jewry,
60-61,
68-69,
71,
71
|
| of German goods, services,
89,
514
|
Boys Storm Troop,
39,
44
|
Brack, Viktor,
569,
588,
593,
225,
275-76,
339,
662
|
Bradley, Omar,
579,
590,
591,
603-4
|
Brand, Joel,
526,
530
|
Brandenburg, Germany,
569,
519
|
Brandt, Brunhilde,
555
|
Brandt, Dr. Karl,
518,
568,
569,
384,
662,
663
|
Brandt, Willie,
676
|
Braslav, Shmuel,
362
|
Bratislava, Slovakia,
542,
224,
514,
600
|
Brauchitsch, Walther von,
579,
597,
269
|
Braun, Eva,
313,
579,
610,
611,
614
|
Braun, Wernher von,
660,
673
|
Braunau am Inn, Austria,
29,
30,
418
|
Braunschweig, Germany,
427
|
Brazil,
612,
670,
676,
694
|
Breendonck (Belgium) concentration camp,
356
|
Breitwieser, Arthur Johann,
269
|
Bremen, Germany,
605
|
Breslau, Germany,
327,
592,
618,
623
|
Brest-Litovsk (Belorussia) Ghetto,
279
|
| killing in,
238,
378
|
| Red Army liberates,
546
|
| Soviet Union nears,
543
|
Brest-Litovsk, Poland,
578
|
Breszlauer, Leopold,
573-74
|
Briedys, Janis,
288
|
Brill, Hugo, family,
74
|
Brin family,
521
|
Brinnlitz munitions plant,
494
|
Britain. See Great Britain
|
British Channel Islands,
471
|
British Commonwealth Armed Forces,
570
|
British Foreign Office,
530
|
British Intelligence,
258,
259
|
British Mandate (White Paper),
554. See also Aliya Bet; Palestine; White Paper: British
|
British Mandate, in Iraq,
228
|
British Union of Fascists,
88,
364
|
Brno, Czechoslovakia,
611
|
Brodnica (Germany) labor camp,
585
|
Brody (Ukraine) Ghetto liquidation,
370,
370,
393,
449,
454-55
|
Brohobycz, Ukraine,
244
|
Broitman, Iosif,
246
|
Bronica Forest,
455
|
Brooklyn (New York) Hebrew Home and Hospital for the Aged,
532
|
Brown, Joe E.,
562
|
Brown Shirts. See Sturmabteilung
|
Browning, Christopher,
294,
334,
407,
671-72,
675
|
Broz, Josip,
223. See also Tito
|
Bruck, Arthur Moeller van den,
40
|
Bruml, Karel,
387
|
Brundage, Avery,
506-7
|
Brüning, Heinrich,
50
|
Brünnlitz, Sudetenland,
565-67
|
Bruno, Father,
355
|
Bruskin, Pawel,
451
|
Bruskina, Masha,
210,
623
|
Brussels, Belgium,
377-78,
507,
512,
555
|
Brzezinka, Poland,
412
|
Brzeziny Slaskie, Poland,
325
|
Brzozów, Poland,
348
|
Buber, Martin,
534
|
Bucharest, Romania,
590,
229,
673
|
| antisemitism in,
216
|
| corpses in morgue's yard,
215
|
| Fascist portraits in,
243
|
| Russians received in,
554
|
Buchau, Czechoslovakia,
608
|
Buchenwald (Germany) concentration camp,
583,
586,
665,
673
|
| brothel and,
484
|
| children in,
594
|
| clergyman in,
510
|
| corpses at,
593
|
| crematoriums at,
462
|
| death march,
570
|
| deported to Auschwitz,
379
|
| as displaced-persons camp,
627
|
| Drancy deportation to,
551
|
| enlargement of,
544
|
| establishment of,
513,
518
|
| euthanasia at,
269
|
| forced labor,
487
|
| gallows construction at,
599
|
| grave digging by German civilians,
595
|
| hanging,
464
|
| Heilmann dies at,
588
|
| Holland Jews to,
219
|
| laboratory,
593
|
| liberation,
579,
597,
603
|
| male prisoners,
595
|
| marched to Flossenbürg,
602-3
|
| medical experimentation,
384
|
| Murrow at,
603
|
| Pathology Block
2,
603
|
| prisoners,
545
|
| record keeping at,
516,
516
|
| shrunken head,
661
|
| subcamp of,
575
|
| survivors headed to Palestine,
595
|
| whipping at,
554
|
| Wiesel liberated at,
627
|
Buchwajc, Hala,
202
|
Buck v. Bell,
45
|
Buczacz, Ukraine, forest killings,
379,
457,
510
|
Budapest, Hungary,
229,
425,
565-66
|
| Arrow Cross in,
571
|
| death march,
537,
567
|
| Germans surrender,
593
|
| ghetto in,
570-71
|
| "Jewish buildings,"
533
|
| Jews in,
507,
540
|
| Kalman Tisza's square,
569
|
| liberation of,
586,
587
|
| protective documents in,
568
|
| protectors of Jews in,
571,
573
|
| safe homes in,
584
|
| synagogue destruction,
555
|
| Wallenberg monument,
688
|
Budy, Poland,
375
|
Buenos Aires, Argentina,
458
|
Buffalo, New York,
639,
641
|
Bug River,
218,
317,
407
|
Bühler, Dr. Josef,
295,
300,
303,
310
|
Bukovina, Romania,
216,
361
|
Bulgaria,
361,
406,
454
|
| as ally to Germany,
221
|
| antisemitism in,
208
|
| Army,
433
|
| declares war on Germany,
559
|
| deportations of Jews and,
361,
431,
435
|
| Greek regions annexed to,
516
|
| Holocaust and,
435
|
| Jewish children in,
396,
450-51
|
| Jewish immigration to Palestine and,
582
|
| Law for the Defense of the Nation imposed in,
215
|
| National Assembly of,
435
|
| occupation of Greece by,
224
|
| refugees,
569
|
| Soviet troops in,
361
|
Bullenhuser Damm School,
695
|
Buna-Monowitz,
412,
413,
454,
562. See also Auschwitz III; Monowitz-Buna
|
Bund,
318,
389,
433
|
Bund Deutscher Mådel,
82,
502
|
Bund youth movement,
392
|
Bundibar,
543
|
Bunyachenko, Sergei,
624
|
Bürckel, Josef,
561,
563
|
Burg, Avraham,
690
|
Burger, Anton,
552
|
Bürgerbräukeller,
24,
578
|
Burowska, Zofia,
438
|
Business
|
| boycott,
54,
55,
64,
65
|
Buszyn, Poland,
495
|
Butz, Arthur R.,
677,
689
|
Byslaw, Poland,
580
|