J

Jackson, Robert H., 580, 634, 636, 636, 639, 649
Jacob, Max, 514
Jacob, Simone, 522
Jacobson, Leon, 591
Jadovno (Croatia) concentration camp, 224
Jaffa, Palestine, 504, 504-105
Jåger, Karl, 236, 266, 284-85, 671
Jaktorów (Poland) slave-labor camp, 469
Jamaica, 400
Jannina, Greece, 517
Janówska (Ukraine) concentration/labor camp, 308, 335, 423, 459, 466, 467-68, 469
 killings at, 332, 456
 liquidation of corpse-burning squad, 492
 murders near, 456, 474
 orchestra, 391
 sexual abuse of women by SS, 473, 474
 Sonderkommando revolt, 499
Japan, 589, 587
 Anti-Comintern Pact, 507-8
 bombing Pearl Harbor, 212-13, 285, 289
 China declares war on, 287
 immigration to, 593-94
 military agreement with Germany, 519
 relations with Germany, 513
 Soviets declare war on, 629
 surrender of, 630
 treaty with Germany and Italy, 203
 visas, 201
 war declared on, 286
Jasenovac (Croatia) concentration camp, 232, 257, 356, 414, 609
Jawiszowice (Poland) slave-labor camp, 343, 351
Jaworów, Poland, 360, 443
Jaworzno, Poland, 459
Jebwabne, Lithuania, 246
Jeckeln, Friedrich, 259, 643
Jedrzejów, Poland, 367
Jehovah's Witnesses, 57, 571, 588, 409, 511, 513, 569, 581, 685, 695
Jerusalem, 58, 20, 31, 43, 44, 46, 515, 282, 296-97, 417, 450-51, 619, 648, 656, 657, 659, 684, 685, 687, 696
 anti-Jewish riots in, 39
 attacks in, 46
 capture of, 21
 District Court trial, 674
 Holocaust survivors, 679
 immigration to, 593-94
 refugees in, 595
 West German offer of reparations, 667
Jesuits, 512, 538
Jesus of Nazareth, 58, 59, 20, 43, 45, 46, 501, 517, 525, 260, 288. See also Christ
Jeunesse Nationale, 42-43
Jew
 beginnings of, 58
 defined, 55, 60
"Jew and France, The," 260, 263, 263
Jewelry, 558, 616
Jewish Advertiser, The, 298
Jewish Agency Executive, 569-170, 571
Jewish Agency for Palestine, 554, 396, 417, 484, 631, 632, 666, 690
Jewish Americans, 558
Jewish Anti-Defamation League, 34
Jewish Antifascist Committee, 318, 335, 389, 551, 661
Jewish athletes, 97-99
Jewish Brigade, 366, 509, 538, 555, 560, 566, 570, 576, 576
Jewish Bund, 327, 328
Jewish Center, 514
Jewish Christian, 20
Jewish-Christian marriages, 594
Jewish Chronicle, 687
Jewish Combat Organization, 297
Jewish combatants, 366
Jewish Congress, 665
Jewish Councils, 549, 571, 590, 591, 216, 221, 237, 241, 244, 247, 253, 262, 263, 282, 289, 295, 297, 301, 319, 321, 328, 339, 341, 346, 350, 352, 385, 415, 423, 425
Jewish Cultural Association, 572
Jewish Cultural League, 564, 564
Jewish Distribution Committee, 517
Jewish District of Jerusalem bombing, 664
Jewish Emigration Office, 555. See also Emigration
Jewish Fighting Organization. See Zydowska Organizacja Bojowa
Jewish Historical Documentation Center, 673, 674
Jewish holiday removal, 77
Jewish immigration, United States and, 588-89
Jewish intelligentsia, 438
Jewish Joint Distribution Committee, 531, 532
Jewish kings, 58
Jewish Labor Committee, 71, 89, 513
Jewish Law (France), 597
Jewish merchants, 517, 520-21
Jewish military organization, 529
Jewish National Council, 662
Jewish Newsletter, 524
Jewish New Year, 267
Jewish Orthodox Hospital, 585
Jewish-Palestinian paratrooper, 565, 570, 573
"Jewish Plot, The," 388
Jewish population, postwar, 663
Jewish professionals boycott, 61-62
Jewish Quarter, 24, 369, 406, 455
"Jewish question." See "Final Solution"
Jewish Question as a Racial, Moral and Cultural Problem, The, 29, 515
Jewish Resistance, 514, 515, 423, 438, 447, 529, 533, 637. See also Partisans; Resistance
Jewish Review, 85
Jewish Ritual Murder, The, 454
Jewish Scriptures, 59
Jewish Self-Help Society, 394
Jewish Social Democrat Party, 452
Jewish State, The, 31
Jewish State Theater, Moscow, 661
"Jewish Statute" (France), 203, 204, 205
Jewish underground, 263, 444 657. See also Jewish Resistance; Resistance
Jewish War Veterans of America, 60, 514
Jewish Winter Aid, 524
Jewish World Pest, The, 663
Jewish World Plague, The, 552
Jewry
 citizenship stripping of, 86
 determination of, 87
 German national organization of, 85
"Jewry in Music," 30
Jews
 annihilation of, 304
 arresting of, 529
 civil service and, 95
 German goods, services boycott by American, 60-61, 68-69, 71, 71
 hair color and, 83
 hiding, 486
 identity cards for, 531
 Karaite, 554
 killed by Nazis, 211, 437
 killed in World War II, 581
 legal system and, 501
 Nazi propaganda about, 316
 Olympic games and, 97-98
 police surveillance of, 505
 Polish, 500, 202
 ration cards for, 567
Jews and Their Lies, The, 42
"Jews are our misfortune, The," 49
Jodl, Alfred, 239, 579, 617, 617, 640, 651, 652
Johanngeorgenstadt (Germany) camp, 608
Johst, Hanns, 57
Joint Boycott Council, 89
Joint Distribution Committee, 400, 648. See also American Jewish Joint Distribution Committee
Joint Emergency Committee for European Jewish Affairs, 380, 443, 436
Joint Rescue Committee, 417
Joly, Maurice, 27
Jordan, 662, 675
Jósefváros station, 571
Josiah Wedgewood, 646
Journal of Historical Review, 678
Journalists, 67, 69, 70, 80
Journal for Racial Science, 89
Joyce, William, 364
Jozefek, Kazimierz, 511
Józefów (Poland) labor camp, 200, 334
Jud Süss, 202, 203, 670
Judaism, 21, 43, 60, 632, 687
 badge of, 577
 communism and, 552, 553
 exodus and, 44
 Jesuit journal on, 538
 modernization, 26
 practice of, 87
 rituals, 644
Judas, 46
Jude, 54, 533, 537, 577, 268
Judea, 59
Juden raus, 672
Judenhass, 28, 41
Judenrat (Judenråte), 549, 571, 578, 579, 580, 207, 289, 340, 341, 346, 350, 352, 355, 369, 383, 386, 447, 479
Judenrein, 549, 257, 313, 317, 351, 451, 480, 674
Jüdische Auswanderung, 509
Jüdische Kulturbund, 564
Jüdische Rundschau, 62, 85
Jüdische Winterhilfe, 524
Jüdischer Wohnbezirk, 215
Jüdisches Nachrichtenblatt, 524, 530
Jüdisches Siedlungsgebiet, 215
Jugendschutzlager, 486
Jungmådelbund, 82
Jungsturm Adolf Hitler, 39, 44
Jungvolk, 502
Jurezkaya, Dr. Niuta, 459-60
Justman, Reginka, 362

K

Kadar, Gyorgy, 512, 547
Kaddish, 528
Kadima, 474
Kahr, Gustav von, 23-24, 24
Kaiser Wilhelm I, 28, 30, 33, 36
Kaiser Wilhelm Institute for Anthropology, Human Genetics, and Eugenics, 45, 225, 233, 384
Kaiserwald (Latvia) camp, 550
Kalávrita, Greece, 501
Kalisz, Poland, 583, 276, 278
Kalkstein, Henny, 486
Kallenburg district, Amsterdam, 463
Kalman Tisza square, 569
Kaltenbrunner, Ernst, 418, 421, 454, 634, 651, 652
Kalush, Ukraine, 367
Kaluszyn, Poland, 371
Kamenets-Podolski, Ukraine, 241, 248, 256, 259
Kamenka, Ukraine, 242, 367
Kamenka-Bugskaya, Ukraine, 463
Kamien Koszyrski village, Ukraine, 253
Kampfbund für Deutsche Kultur, 46
Kampinos Forest, 228
Kanal, 671
Kaplan, Chaim, 581, 281, 558
Kaplan, Joseph, 362
Kaplanas, Zahar, 518
Kapler, Jacob, 481
Kaplinski, Hirsch, 347, 393-94
Kaplinski, Shmuel, 371
Kapos, 460, 467, 512, 615, 622
Kappler, Herbert, 519
Karaite Jews, 554
Karasa, Hans, 543
Karlsbad, Czechoslovakia, 538
Karlsruhe, Germany, 69
Karski, Jan, 328, 382, 389, 389, 409, 466, 468
Kartshak, Raizel, 464
Kasztner, Rezso, 551
"Kasztner train," 551
Katowice, Poland, 200
Katyn Forest, 593, 442, 445
Katz, Edita, 553-54
Katz, Jacob, 495
Katz, Lili, 557
Katz, Nettie Stub, 541
Katz, Steven T., 653
Katzenelson, Itzhak, 523
Katzmann, Fritz, 671-72
Katzowicz brothers, 472
Kaufering (Germany) camp, 612, 613, 623
Kaufmann, Marion, 560
Kaunitz, Germany, 603
Kazassov, Dimo, 214
Kazet Theatre, 659
Kédainiai, Lithuania, 259
Keilis (Lithuania) slave-labor camp, 464, 476
Keitel, Wilhelm, 576, 597, 205, 263, 497, 617, 635, 640, 650, 650, 651, 652
 Night and Fog Decree and, 283
Kelbasin (Poland) holding camp, 385
Keller, Helen, 65
Kempka, Erich, 611
Kempner, Vitka, 335, 336, 464, 476
Kerch, Soviet Union, 317
Kersten, Dr. Felix, 590, 597
Ketteler House, 542
Keynes, John Maynard, 20
Kharkov (Ukraine) Ghetto, 270, 287, 298, 300, 399, 431, 473
Khmel'nik (Ukraine) Ghetto, 330, 434
Khotin, Ukraine, 245
Kibbutz, 578, 529, 627
 Afikim, 626
 Buchenwald, 626, 627
 Nili, 627
Kiddush cups, 435
Kiddush ha-Hayyim, 370
Kiddush ha-Shem, 370
Kielce, Poland, 647, 648, 648-49
Kielce (Poland) Ghetto, 219, 297
 deportation to Treblinka, 354
 deportees in, 226
 establishment of, 222
 resistance organized in, 393
Kien, Peter, 543
Kiev, Ukraine, 211, 280
 commemorating Babi Yar massacre, 562
 foreign newspapers report murders in, 279
 Germans capture, 264
 killing ground wall collapse in, 673
 massacre, 269, 270, 270, 271, 271
 pigeon-keepers murdered, 276
 police armbands in, 266
 resettlement and, 268, 270
Killing Center No. 2, 279. See also Ninth Fort
Killing squads, 241, 256. See also Einsatzgruppen
Killing vans, 213. See also Gassing van
Kindertransport, 546, 547, 564
King Christian X (Denmark), 592
King David Hotel (Jerusalem), 648, 649
King, George E., 460
King, Jr., Martin Luther, 695
Kingdom of Jordan, 662
Kingdom of Memory, 57
King's Men, 65
Kirchhausen, Trude, 514
"Kirken grunn," 313
Kirschenbaum, Menahem, 389
Kirshenbaum, Mordechai, 320
Kishinev, Romania, 241, 247, 253
Kistarcsa, Hungary, 523, 542
Kisvárda (Hungary) Ghetto, 526
Kittel, Bruno, 467
Klagenfurt, Austria, 637
Klajnman, Seweryn, 477
Klarsfeld, Beate, 669, 673
Klarsfeld, Serge, 673
Klausner, Rabbi Abraham, 630
Kleck, Belorussia, 334, 338
Kleck, Poland, 409-10
Kleiman, Johannes, 548
Klein, Andrew, 640
Klein, Gerda Weissman, 296, 639, 641
Klein, Kurt, 639
Klein, Sara, 520
Klein, William, 640
Kleppfisch, Irena, 446
Kleppfisch, Michael, 446
Klessheim Castle, 443
Klimov, Elem, 680
Klooga (Estonia) concentration/slave-labor camp, 493, 553
 deportation to, 471
 liberation of, 562, 563
 pyres at, 587
 SS murders, 560
Klopfer, Gerhard, 300, 303
Kluger, Ladislaus, 573-74
Knesset, 653, 655, 667, 682, 697
Koc, Pulkownik Adam, 509
Koch, Erich, 214, 664, 665
Koch, Ilse, 516, 517, 593, 595
Koch, Karl Otto, 516, 517
Kochendorf (Germany) concentration camp, 600
Koco Affair (Amsterdam), 218, 219
Koegel, Max, 397
Kogon, Eugen, 655
Kohan, Albert, 471
Kohl, Helmut, 665, 681, 695
Koidanav, Belorussia, 274, 308
Kolbe, Maximillian, 214, 248, 248
Kolbuszowa (Poland) Ghetto, 372
Koldichevo (Belorussia) camp, 493, 517
Kolmar, Gertrud, 567
Kolo, Poland, Jews gassed from, 286
Kolomyia (Ukraine) Ghetto
 deportation to Belzec, 364
 intellectuals murdered in, 304
 liquidated, 423, 434
Kolski, Abraham, 471
Kommandobefehl, 379
Kommissarbefehl, 220, 223
Komoly, Ottó, 425, 557-58, 582
Konev, Ivan S., 589, 614
Koniecpol, Poland, 481
Königsberg (Germany) camp, 583, 591-92
Konin, Poland, 469
Konskowola (Poland) camp, 231
Kook, Hillel, 428
Koot (Dutch Nazi), 217
Kopernik (Poland) camp, 414
Koplewicz, Josef, 425
Korczak, Janusz, 297
Koritz, Ukraine, 241-42, 370
Kornmann, Gerard, 444
Kos, 543, 545, 546, 551
Kosciuszko Division, 515
Kosher laws, 205
Kosovo, ethnic cleansings, 59
Kosow-Lacki, Poland, 636
Kossak-Szczucka, Zofia, 395
Kossuth Platz, 587
Köszeg (Hungary) Ghetto/slave-labor camp, 528, 596
Kotnowski, 437
Kovel, Soviet Union, 280
Kovner, Abba, 213, 291, 357, 474, 480, 490-91, 698
Kovno (Lithuania) Ghetto, 581, 589, 592, 201, 241, 242, 257, 273, 295, 321
 beating Jews to death in, 238
 burning of, 541
 established, 235, 236
 evacuation of, 537
 execution, 212, 236, 256, 501
 hiding in cellar, 541
 Jewish Council in, 352
 liberated by Red Army, 548
 medical training, 422
 murders in, 271, 279
 Ninth Fort in, 503, 559
 orphanage, 516
 Paris Jews to, 525, 526
 partisans, 474, 537
 pogrom, 248
 public hanging, 393
 regulations, 241
 Resistance, 295
 sent to Klooga, Estonia, 493
 synagogue execution, 266
 underground bunkers in, 559
Kowale Panskie, Poland, 338
Koydzenik, Yehiel, 675
Koyfman, Moyshe, 433
Kozibrodska, Lonka, 437
Kraft, 262
Kraft durch Freude, 71
Kragujevac, Yugoslavia, 275, 279
Kraków, Poland, 552, 575, 223, 383, 412, 465, 645, 661
 anti-Jewish riots in, 629
 Auschwitz administration trial, 660
 coffeehouse attack, 401-2
 exit visas canceled, 206
 Frank in, 574
 Generalgouvernement, 327
 hospital, 486
 meeting on Jewish elimination, 455-56
 Nazis sentence Poles aiding Jews, 511
 occupation of, 570
 rail lines disrupted, 392
 Schindler factory, 565
 synagogue destruction, 500
 underground, 394
Kraków (Poland) Ghetto, 594, 295, 310, 360
 camp leader, 698
 deportation, 596, 326, 436
 establishment of, 221
 head shaving at, 590
 identification papers check, 222
 Jews sent to Belzec, 381
 liquidated, 328, 438
 main gate of, 222
 resistance, 447
 sealing of, 221, 222
 Soviet liberation, 586
Kraljevo, Yugoslavia, 274
Kralovsky-Chlumec, Slovakia, 330
Kramer, Josef, 600
"Krasnodar Trial," 464
Kraus, Fanny, 453
Krauze, Janek, 439
Kreiner, Helga, 547
Kreisau Circle, 497, 564
Kremenchug, Ukraine, 302
Kremenets (Ukraine) Ghetto, 348-49, 351
Kripo (criminal police), 581
Kristallnacht, 516, 520-21, 523, 525, 534, 540-41, 542, 543, 543, 544, 545, 546, 563, 696
Kritzinger, Friedrich, 300, 303
Krosigk, Lutz Schwerin von, 663
Krüger, Friedrich Wilhelm, 583, 301, 344, 455-56, 624
Kruk, Hermann, 402
Krupp, Alfred, 443
Krupp Works, 230, 562, 691, 692
 arms factory at Mariupol, 483
 factory at Auschwitz, 459
 Trial, 659
Kruszyna, Poland, 400-401
Krychów (Poland) slave-labor camp, 472
Krzepicki, Abraham Jakób, 358, 366, 665
Kube, Wilhelm, 273, 273, 342, 481
Kubis, Jan, 323, 331, 332
Kugler, Victor, 548
Kuhn, Fritz, 89, 289
Ku Klux Klan, 27
Kulturbund Deutscher Juden, 535
Kurcweig, Hersz, 501-2
Kurfürstendamm, 48
Kursk, Russia, 425, 463, 466
Kushnir, Shlomo, 517
Kyustendil Jews, 435

L

Labor Allocation, 562
Labor camps, 200, 252. See also Forced labor; Slave labor; specific camps
Labor Front, 514, 340
Labor pass, 366
Labor Zionist, 66
Lachman, Erich, 471
Lachva, Belorussia, 362
Lackie Wielkie (Poland) slave-labor camp, 469
LaFarge, Father John, 512
Lagarde, Paul Anton de, 32, 538
La Guardia, Fiorello, 517, 233, 496, 644
La mémoire et les jours, 659
Lamhaut, Sara, 355, 508
Lamsdorf (Germany) camp, 592
Landsberg (Germany) concentration camp, 241, 623
Landsberg (Germany) displaced-persons camp, 630
 Passover Seder, 644
Landsberg Prison, 24, 38, 641, 662, 667
Landwacht, 214
Lange, Dr. Rudolf, 300, 303
Langer, Lawrence L., 411, 660, 662, 687
Langer, Mandel, 466
Lanzmann, Claude, 682
La Risiera di San Sabba, Italy, 487, 524
La Rose Orphanage, 420, 439
Lask, Poland, 355
Last Days, The, 686
Lateran Council, 47
Latin America
 immigration to, 581
 Polish Jews to, 649
 transit documents to, 402
 visas, 400
Latrun, Palestine, detention camp, 649
Latvia, 99, 266, 289, 300
 antisemitism in, 259
 auxiliary police, 246
 civilian execution, 252
 collaborationist organization, 234
 ethnic composition of, 237
 forced labor in, 260
 German helpers from, 345
 Germans in, 619
 ghettos in, 581
 Jews in, 91
 Jews murdered in, 251, 285-86
 kidnapping children, 278
 last German Jews deported, killed, 287
 SD guard platoon, 290
 SS in, 248
 Wehrmacht in, 269
Lauenburg, Germany, 586
Laval, Pierre, 586, 296, 314, 327, 368, 398, 628, 633
Law, Richard K., 442
Law Against Dangerous and Habitual Criminals, 71
Law for the Defense of the Nation (Bulgaria), 215
"Law of Judging Nazi Criminals and Their Helpers," 665
Law for Preventing Over-crowding in German Schools and Schools of Higher Education, 55, 63
Law for the Prevention of Offspring with Hereditary Diseases, 67, 76, 91-92
Law for the Protection of German Blood and Honor, 86-87, 93
Law for the Protection of the Hereditary Health of the German People, 93
Law for Reduction of Unemployment, 66
Law for the Restoration of the Professional Civil Service, 54-55, 62-63
Law Regarding Expulsion from the Reich, 75
Law Regarding Revocation of Naturalization and the Annulment of German laws, anti-Jewish, 71
Lawyers, restriction of, 61-62, 65
Lazarus, Emma, 535
League of Antisemites, 41
League of German Girls, 82, 502
League of Nations, 38, 40, 65, 70, 90, 98, 505, 550, 484, 656
League of Young Girls, 82
Lebedew, Aljoscha, 558
Lebensborn, 95, 500, 278
Lebensmittelkarten, 567
Lebensraum, 38-39, 515, 566, 578, 223, 239, 269, 283
Lebensunwertes Leben, 67, 569, 570
Leber, Julius, 564
Le Chambon-sur-Lignon, France, 432, 486, 510
Leclerc, Jacques, 555
Leeb, Wilhelm von, 314
Légion des Volontaires Français, 245
Legion Vlaandern, 256
Legionaire Law and Order Service, 411
Legiunea Arhangehelului Mihail, 44
Le Grande Rafle, 337, 342
Le Hanaff, Germaine, 432
Lehi, 658
Lehrer, Hanna, 284
Leib, Icek, 508
Leibbrandt, Dr. Georg, 300, 302-3
Leibholz, Gerhard, 500, 568
Leibstandarte, 573
Leipzig, Germany, 541, 553, 609
Leitmeritz, Czechoslovakia, 599, 623
Leitner, Isabella, 526
Lejkin, Jacob, 383
Le Juif et la France, 263, 263
Lembruck, Wilhelm, 517
Lemkin, Raphael, 508, 572, 572
Lenczner, Pola, 266
Lend-Lease Bill (United States), 217
Lengyel, Olga, 521
Lenin, V. I., 695
Leningrad, 280, 314
Leo, Albert, 36-37
Leo Baeck Institute, 408
Leopold I, 31
Le Paradis, France, 596, 201, 251-52
Les Accates, France, 420, 439
Lesko, Poland, 256
Les Miserables, 444
Less, Avner, 254
"Lest We Forget," 627
Letterhaus, Bernhard, 573
Leuchter, Fred, 683
Leuchter Report, The, 683
Leuschner, Wilhelm, 562, 564
Levente paramilitary organization, 229
Levi, Ada, 366
Levi, Peppo, 518
Levi, Primo, 342, 343, 360, 628, 628, 682
Levie, Werner, 564
Levin, Meyer, 591
Levinbok, Dr. Zelik, 493
Levine, Gilbert, 677
Levy, Dorothy, 641
Levy, Trudel, 547
Lewental, Salmen, 411
Ley, Robert, 633
Leyson, Leon, 565
Lezaky, Czechoslovakia, 329
Libau, 269
Liberation, The, 530
Liberty Barricade, 325-26
Libya, 203
Lice infestation, 599, 604
Lichtenberg, Father Bernhard, 539, 252, 274, 495, 496
Lichtenstein, Israel, 342-43, 346
Lichtenstein, Margalith, 342-43
Lichtensztajin, Motek, 202
Lichtensztajn, Bluma, 215
Lida, Belorussia, 317, 407, 480
Lidice, Czechoslovakia, 220, 329, 332, 333, 333, 374, 380
Liebehenschel, Arthur, 498
Liebenfels, Lanz von, 33
Lieberman, David, 376
Lieberose, Germany, 559, 574-75
Liebeskind, Aharon, 394, 402
Liebgold, Leon, 567
Liepaja, Latvia, 290, 291
Lietuviu Aktyvistu Frontas, 207
Life and Loves of Beethoven, The, 444
Life insurance, 693-94
Life magazine, 602
Life of Emile Zola, The, 516
Liliana, Lili, 567
Lindbergh, Charles A., 217, 263-64
Linder, Jakub, 393
Linz, Austria, 30, 57, 537, 318, 597, 616, 673
Lions partisan group, 381
Lipiczany Forest, 394
Lipke, Yanis, 288, 487, 488
Lipnicki, Josef, 642
Lipowa Street, 4, 581, 377, 381, 565
Lipowicz, Jerome, 535
Lipowy Most, Poland, 427
Lippert, Julius, 253
Lipstadt, Deborah, 328
Lipszowicz, Eliyahu, 646
"Liquidation of the Jews in Warsaw, The," 389
Lisbon, Portugal, 204, 571
Lismann, Hermann, 434
Liss, Abraham, 391
List, Guido von, 39
List, Mayer, 389-90, 391
"Listen to the Wind," 57
Lithuania, 558, 559, 259, 266, 300, 388
 antisemitism in, 207, 259
 auxiliary troops in, 246, 260
 ethnic composition of, 237
 genocide in, 671
 ghettos in, 581
 greeting German troops, 240
 Jåger's actions in, 266
 Jewry destroyed, 213, 236, 251, 284-85
 partisan activity, 492
 Seventh Fort murders, 245
Lithuanian Activist Front, 207
Lithuanians, auxiliary police, 246
Litin, Ukraine, 266
Litvinov, Maksim, 562-63
Litwak, Fryda, 469
Litzmannstadt. See Lódz Ghetto (Poland)
Liwer, Abram, 242
Liwer, Chava, 242
Liwer, Jadzia, 242
Lloyd, Lord, 207-8
Lobauer, Hilde, 601
Loborgrad (Croatia) concentration camp, 224
Lodge, Sen. Henry Cabot, 344
Lódz (Poland) Ghetto, 581, 590, 590, 232, 287, 299, 364, 418, 437, 520
 antisemitism murders, 645
 Brzeziny Slaskie deportation, 325
 child prisoner, 486
 children to, 379
 deaths in, 511
 deportation from, 579, 276, 299, 322, 363
 deportation to Auschwitz, 549, 550
 deportation to Chelmno, 301, 306, 307, 320, 473, 558
 executions in, 459
 Finkelstein shot in, 221
 forced labor, 301
 Germans deported to, 273
 Gypsies gassed from, 300
 Gypsy camp, 290, 291
 hanging, 341, 329
 hospital raids, 361
 Jewish Council, 237, 362
 Lavee, Tamy, 427
 leader of, 585
 liquidation of, 287, 524
 mental patients, 228, 251
 model of, 591
 money in, 341
 Normandy invasion news in, 530
 notable deaths in, 215
 occupation of, 570
 quotas, 295
 registering for Chelmno death camp, 533
 religious holidays and, 367
 residents, 216
 sealing of, 585, 593
 segregation in, 286
 shoes delivery, 478, 479
 shooting, 394
 Speyer's death in, 320
 starvation in, 218, 321
 suicide in, 319, 342, 345
 truck with luggage of murdered Jews, 315-16
 warehouses, 437
 work in, 326
Loehner-Beda, Fritz, 317
Lohame Herut Israel, 628-29
Lohse, Heinrich, 256, 342
Lomza, Poland, 415
London, 66, 554, 555, 202, 304, 687
 Poland government-in-exile, 574
 press, annihilation story in, 307
 St. James Palace Conference, 296
London, Jack, 65
London Daily Telegraph, 332, 333
London newspapers, Kiev murders reported in, 279
London Sunday Times, 312
London Times, The, 39, 363-64
Long, Breckinridge, 588-89, 597-98, 426, 442, 448, 493-94, 502
Look at the Times, A, 70
Lopatyn, Berl, 519
Lopatyn, Dov, 362
Lord Haw-Haw. See Joyce, William
Lorraine, Germany, 21
Los Angeles, California, 678
Losice, Poland, liquidation of, 354-55
Louis, Joe, 505, 506, 530
Louvre, 690
Lovers of Zion, 655
Low Countries, 577
Löwenberg, Maurice, 547
Lowenstein, Karl, 495
Lower Silesia, 230
Lubaczow, Poland, 412
Lubard Fortress, 244
Lübeck, Germany, 444, 611, 618-19, 627
Lubetkin, Zivia, 209, 405-6, 583, 583
Lubieszow, Volhynia, Ukraine, 242
Lublin, Poland, 551, 573, 591, 310, 379, 467, 479
 anti-Jewish riots, 634
 antisemite murderers, 644
Lublin (Poland) Ghetto, 551, 576, 219, 295, 310
 Coblenz Jews deported to, 328
 deportation to Belzec, 310
 deportation to Majdanek, 364, 545
 deportations to, 592
 established, 224
 forced labor, 407, 436
 German Jews deported to, 273
 liberation of, 506
 massacre, 496
 partisans, 537
 Soviet Union nears, 543
 work camp in, 581
Lublin-Nisko region, Poland, 577, 395, 467
Lubny, Ukraine, 272, 278
Lubomi, Ukraine, 376-77
Luboshitzki, Aaron, 401
Ludendorff, Erich, 24, 42
Ludendorff, Mathilde, 42
Lueger, Dr. Karl, 30-31, 33
Luftwaffe, 502, 594, 599, 203, 382, 384, 513, 613, 640
Lugos, Hungary, 556
Luise-Otto-Peters School, 91
Luków, Poland
 Aktion, 380
 deported to Treblinka, 376
 killings, 449
Luksenburg, William, 605
Lüneberg, Germany, trial, 632
Lüneburg Heath, Germany, 626
Lustig, Fritz, 498
Luther, Martin (Protestant Church founder), 25, 42, 45, 45, 46
Luther, Martin, 89, 525, 541-42, 300, 302, 302, 303, 340, 370, 617
Lutheran Church
 Germans, 501
 in Norway, 313
 objections to euthanasia, 569, 599, 202
 resistance to Hitler, 497
 sanctions opposition by, 63
Lutsk (Ukraine) Ghetto, 287
 executions, 236, 244, 353
 Resistance in, 325
 revolt, 397-98, 402
Lutz, Carl, 568, 572
Lux, Stefan, 505
Luxembourg, 301
 Allied nation, 399
 Ardennes Forest attack by Germans, 575-76
 invasion of, 586, 594
 Jews converted to Christianity, 319
 Jews deported to Poland, 273
 Nuremberg Laws introduction in, 202
Luxembourg Treaty, 669, 683
Lvov (Ukraine) Ghetto, 242, 244, 281, 308, 310, 432, 469, 499
 armed resistance, 461
 deportation to Belzec, 310
 diary, 552
 German condemnation of Poles helping Jews, 313
 Jews deported to Belzec, 344, 349
 Jews killed, 239, 244, 245, 248, 332, 335, 412, 423, 437, 455, 463
 liquidation of, 380, 393, 395, 460-61
 pogrom, 255
 Red Army liberates, 537
 resistance in, 457
 riot, 241, 245
 Soviet Union, 581
 synagogue, 440
 violence in, 244
 weapons in, 457
 Wehrmacht retreats from, 545
Lyakhovichi, Belorussia, 241
Lyons, France, 365, 496, 384, 535
 deportation of Jews and, 431
 executions, 509
 transport to Auschwitz, 557
 uprising in, 496
 war-crimes trial, 682

M

Ma'alot, 665
MacDonald White Paper, 560, 563. See also White Paper: British
Macedonia, Greece, 363, 430, 430, 431, 435, 442, 516
Macek, Vladko, 224
Machtergreifung, 58
MacMichael, Sir Harold, 595-96
Macva region, 264
Mad Tuesday, 556
Madagascar Plan, 538, 541, 200, 204
Madison Square Garden, 80, 89, 556, 513, 344, 433
Madonna and Child, 318
Madritch factory, 231
Magdeburg, Germany, 92
Maginot Line, 581
Maglione, Cardinal Luigi, 403, 490
Maimon, Galil, 665
Maimon, Zipora, 665
Main Office for Race and Resettlement, 555
Majdanek (Poland) concentration/death camp, 595, 247, 295, 312, 343, 368, 388, 407, 415, 434, 467, 470, 479, 479, 544, 626
 administration trial, 678-79
 Allies find exhumed corpses, 543
 Bialystok deportees to, 473
 Brody Jews killed at, 449, 454-55
 burned Torah scroll, 546
 death certificate, 692
 deaths at, 297
 evacuation of, 516, 537
 French Jews, 337
 gas chambers, 344
 guard at, 669
 Holocaust, 682
 ID bracelet, 379
 incinerators at, 543
 Koegel at, 397
 liberation, 506, 597
 Lida Jews to, 480
 Lublin Jews deported to, 364, 545
 massacre, 496
 memorial, 684
 resistance at, 493
 Sapir, 689-90
 shoes, 479
 skeletons, 479
 Sonderkommando executions in, 513
 warning sign, 545
Majtek, Michael, 359, 375
Malaria, 422, 637
Malines, Belgium, 483
Malkes, Salomon, 394
Malmed, Yitzhak, 423-24
Malmédy, Belgium, 576, 577, 636
Malmö, Sweden, 602
Malnutrition, 593
Maly Trostinets (Belorussia)
 concentration camp, 536, 642-43
 gassing vans at, 348
 Jews murdered in, 491, 491
 partially burned corpses, 544
 reaching Red Army, 538-39
Manaster, Helen, 486
Mandate on Palestine, 583. See also White Paper: British
Mandel, Maria, 661
Mann, Heinrich, 200
Mann, Thomas, 65
Manzanar, California, internment camp, 399
Maps
 Allied push on Germany, 589
 Auschwitz, 413
 Baltic nations' concentration camps, 439
 Baltic nations' ghettos, 285
 concentration camps in Eastern Europe, 250
 deportations, 427
 deportations to Belzec, 308
 deportations to Lódz Ghetto, 275
 deportations to Warsaw Ghetto, 227
 displaced-persons camps, 645
 Eastern Europe under Germany, 342
 Einsatzgruppen massacres, 258
 Europe at height of Nazi power, 359
 Germany's concentration camps, 599
 Hungarian ghettos, 522
 Jews deportated to Auschwitz-Birkenau, 394
 "Jewish Executions Carried Out by Einsatzgruppe A," 286
 Jewish revolts, 471
 liberation of concentration camps, 545
 major Resistance groups, 493
 Nazi, of Hungary, 522
 Poland death camps, 311
 Polish ghettos, 582
 resistance in Western Europe, 496
 Romanian massacres, 265
 Soviet Union ghettos, 298
 Western Europe concentration camps, 371
Maquis unit, 492, 493
Marcinkance, Lithuania, 385
Mariampole, Lithuania, 245
Marian, Ferdinand, 202
Marie-Rose, posing as Catholic, 483
Marienbad, Czechoslovakia, 611
Marine Flasher, 643
Mariupol, Ukraine, 307, 483
Mark, Bernard, 551
Markish, Peretz, 551
Markuszów (Poland) Ghetto, 320, 322, 374-75
Marr, Wilhelm, 58, 27-28, 33, 41, 42, 48
Marranos, 24
Marriage
 loans, 66
 prohibition, 86
 rules, 95
Marseilles, France, 200, 420, 434, 439, 513
Marx, Dr. Hans, 632
Marx, Karl, 65
Marxism, 22, 505
Marzahn Gypsy camp, 452
Masonic lodge closings, 89
Masons, 518
 altar, 518
 lodge as museum, 535
Mass grave, 276, 299, 344. See also Ninth Fort
Mass murder, 575, 211, 213, 236
Massachusetts, 550, 557
"Massacre of a People," 484
Massacres
 Romanian, map, 265
 shooting, 211-12
Massada, 666
Master race, 36, 39
Masur, Norbert, 599, 609
Maternity homes, 95, 500, 278
Matisse, Henri, 427
Mauthausen (Austria) concentration camp, 527, 537, 591, 219, 462, 586, 593, 616-17, 673
 amputees, 617
 Auschwitz crematorium parts to, 574
 boys from Auschwitz, 589
 corpses, 460
 Dachau inmates move to, 572-73
 death march, 570, 617, 622
 electric-fence death, 377
 establishment of, 533
 gassings, 418
 Hungarian Jews to, 516
 intellectuals, 478
 labor camp, 239, 343
 liberation, 579-80, 620
 lice infestation at, 599
 Lidice children to, 333
 murders, 380
 political prisoners, 317
 Russian Camp construction by, 307
 SS guards, 558
 "staircase of death," 317
 stone quarries, 568, 583
 V-E Day celebration, 597
 victim after liberation, 623
 working condit